Guideline or statement
2024 Revision of the level of evidence grading system for European Society of Cardiology (ESC) clinical practice guideline recommendations II: diagnostic tests and prediction models
- Guideline methodology report
Recommendations
As issued by the authors
- LOE A
Diagnostic tests: conclusive evidence of adequate diagnostic ability from at least two high-quality studies
- LOE B
Diagnostic tests: suggestive evidence from one high-quality or at least two moderate-quality studies
- LOE C
Diagnostic tests: preliminary evidence not classified as A or B, incl. evidence from less than two moderate-quality studies, or from expert consensus
- LOE A
Prediction models: conclusive evidence of adequate predictive ability from at least one high-quality derivation and two or more external validation studies of at least moderate quality
- LOE B
Prediction models: suggestive evidence in one or more derivation studies and one or more external validation studies of at least moderate quality
- LOE C
Prediction models: preliminary evidence not classified as A or B, incl. a derivation study of at least moderate quality but with low quality or no external validation, or a derivation study of low quality
Original publication
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it