A Systematic Review of “Food Is Medicine” Randomized Controlled Trials for Noncommunicable Disease in the United States: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

14 RCTs identified; more than one-third early-stage smaller-scale (stage 1) trials

Broad variation in populations, intervention design, duration, intensity and outcomes precluded many direct comparisons

Food Is Medicine approaches often positively influence diet quality and food security, consistent with observational literature

Impact on clinical outcomes inconsistent and often not statistically significant

Need for larger, higher-quality studies measuring clinical outcomes and additional RCTs mapping program type to health outcomes