Adult congenital cardiac interventional training, competencies, and organization. A Statement of the ESC adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) Working Group, the EAPCI, the AEPC, and the PICS-Society

a structured, competency-based curriculum covering theory, procedural skills, and post-procedural care

Collaboration between paediatric and adult cardiologists is highlighted as vital for comprehensive care.

a two-tier model of ‘level 1’ and ‘level 2’ centres-each with specific capacities-is proposed

Scientific societies play a key role in establishing guidelines, certifications, and facilitating trainee mobility and international collaboration.

Emerging tools such as augmented reality and virtual case libraries can improve accessibility and quality of training.

Proctorships and partnerships with industry are integral for introducing innovations and maintaining skills in evolving techniques.