Cohort study
Association between remnant cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome progression: insights from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
- Prospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
Elevated RC was independently associated with advanced CKM stages. Furthermore, among individuals with CKM syndrome without baseline CVD, elevated RC emerged as a significant risk factor for incident CVD.
Study context
- Population
- Adults in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 2011–20, Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) Stages 0–3
- Exposure
- Higher vs lowest remnant cholesterol quartile
- Outcome
- Advanced CKM stages at baseline and incident CVD during follow-up
- Follow-up
- Median 9.0 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident CVD
Each group vs Q1Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Q3
1.181(1.021–1.366)
Q4
1.195(1.032–1.383)
- 1498 participants (21.8%) across CKM Stages 0-3 developed cardiovascular disease (CVD)
- 1498 (21.8%)
- Higher remnant cholesterol (RC) quartiles (Q2-Q4) had significantly increased risk of advanced CKM stages vs Q1 at baseline
- P for trend < 0.001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Association between remnant cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome progression: insights from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 24 April 2025. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf248
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it