Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCohort study
Associations of residential green space and natural environment with heart failure: the mediating effect of air pollution and physical activity
- Prospective cohort study
- UK Biobank
Authors' conclusion
Increased residential green space and natural environment levels were associated with decreased risk of incident HF, and these associations may be partially mediated by PM2.5 and physical activity.
Study context
- Population
- UK Biobank participants16,209 heart failure (HF) cases
- Participants
- 437,656 participants
- Exposure
- Highest vs lowest tertile of residential green space and natural environment coverage
- Outcome
- Incident HF
- Follow-up
- Median 13.5 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident HF, 300 m buffer (fully adjusted)
Highest tertile vs Lowest tertileHazard ratio (95% CI)
green space, 300 m buffer
0.87(0.84–0.91)
natural environment, 300 m buffer
0.88(0.84–0.91)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Incident HF, 1000 m buffer · natural environment, 1000 m buffer | 0.85 (0.81–0.88) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Mediation by PM2.5 and physical activity
- PM2.5 and physical activity partially mediated the associations
Original publication
Associations of residential green space and natural environment with heart failure: the mediating effect of air pollution and physical activity. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 15 July 2025. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf423
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it