Atlas of interventional cardiology 2023: European Society of Cardiology and European Association of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors' conclusion
The third edition of the ESC-European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions Atlas highlights significant progress in percutaneous cardiovascular interventions across Europe but also underscores persistent disparities.
Study context
- Population
- European Society of Cardiology (ESC) national society member countries (interventional cardiology practice, 2023 survey; trends 2013–22)
- Participants
- 50 ESC member countries
- Outcome
- Interventional cardiology practice across ESC member countries
Methodological detailsmultinational, national society survey, Data subjected to multi-step quality control
- Multinational
- National society survey
- Data subjected to multi-step quality control
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) share of all percutaneous CV interventions
- >90%
- Correlation of TAVI rate with gross national income
- r = .86
- Correlation of transcatheter mitral procedure rate with gross national income
- r = .63
- Correlation of transcatheter tricuspid procedure rate with gross national income
- r = .64
- Women among all cardiologists
- 39%
- Women among interventional cardiologists
- 10%
- Women among PCI recipients
- <30%
- Women among patients with ischaemic heart disease
- >40%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Temporal trends 2013-22
- Narrowing gap in PCI and primary PCI volumes between regions
- Growth in structural valve interventions disproportionately concentrated in wealthier countries
Original publication
Atlas of interventional cardiology 2023: European Society of Cardiology and European Association of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. Eur Heart J. Published 29 August 2025. doi:10.
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it