Coronary disease & ACSCohort study
Average daily ischemic and bleeding risk following acute coronary syndrome: Insights from the FORCE-ACS registry
- prospective multicenter FORCE-ACS registry
- nine Dutch hospitals
Authors' conclusion
Ischemic and bleeding events are most prevalent in the first 30 days post-ACS. Both ADIR and ADBR decrease over time, with the excess of ADBR over ADIR being most pronounced during the first year of follow-up.
Study context
- Population
- ACS patients enrolled in nine Dutch hospitals between 2015 and 2019
- Exposure
- Average daily ischemic rate (ADIR) vs average daily bleeding rate (ADBR) per phase during three years post-ACS
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Ischemic events:
- Cardiovascular death
- Myocardial infarction
- Definite stent thrombosis
ischemic events
929
patients with ischemic events
808 patients (16.1%)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Values |
|---|---|
| ADBR vs ADIR (events per 100 person-days) · acute phase (day 0 to 1) · ADBR higher than ADIR | ADBR 1.41 events per 100 person-days · ADIR 0.68 events per 100 person-days |
| ADBR vs ADIR (events per 100 person-days) · late phase (day 30 to 365) · ADBR higher than ADIR | ADBR 0.04 events per 100 person-days · ADIR 0.02 events per 100 person-days |
| ADBR vs ADIR (events per 100 person-days) · subacute phase (day 1 to 30) · No significant difference | ADBR 0.23 events per 100 person-days · ADIR 0.13 events per 100 person-days |
| ADBR vs ADIR overall (events per 100 person-days) · three years | ADBR 0.03 events per 100 person-days · ADIR 0.02 events per 100 person-days |
- ADBR vs ADIR overall (events per 100 person-days): ADBR exceeded the ADIR, with the highest difference during the first year
Bleeding events (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2, 3 or 5 bleeding) · three years
- bleeding events
- 1,694
- patients with bleeding events
- 1,177 patients (23.4%)
ADBR vs ADIR · very late phase (day 365 to 1095)
- No significant difference
Original publication
Average daily ischemic and bleeding risk following acute coronary syndrome: Insights from the FORCE-ACS registry. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. Published 30 September 2026. doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvag084
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it