Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Recommendations
As issued by the authors
Most studies suggest an inverse J-shaped relationship between naturally occurring caffeinated products and BP.
Habitual coffee consumption has been associated with a lower risk of incident T2DM; data on caffeine and DM are not consistent.
No clear relationship between caffeine and blood lipids; unfiltered coffee raises LDL-C.
Caffeine, mainly as coffee, shows either no relationship or a lower risk of CAD and HF.
RCT data in regular caffeinated coffee drinkers: caffeinated coffee decreases AF occurrence but increases premature ventricular contractions.
Moderate caffeine consumption, mainly as coffee, was associated with a lower risk of stroke.
Data on high caffeine doses such as in energy drinks are limited and generally suggest CV harm.
Original publication
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