Cardiometabolic & kidneyCohort study
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is associated with the incidence and progression of cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome
- Cohort study (cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses)
- discovery cohort with UK Biobank validation
- multi-state models
Authors' conclusion
CAN was associated with the development and progression of CKM syndrome
Study context
- Population
- Discovery cohort and UK Biobank cohort
- Exposure
- Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) vs no CAN
- Outcome
- Advanced CKM stages, incident CKM syndrome and CKM progression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
CAN vs No CANEstimate (95% CI)
advanced CKM stages, discovery cohort, adjusted
OR 1.90(1.14–2.60)
advanced CKM stages, UK Biobank, adjusted
OR 1.20(1.13–1.27)
incident CKM syndrome
HR 1.24(1.18–1.31)
- CAN prevalence increased across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) stages
- P for trend < 0.001
- Higher risk of transition from stages 0-1 to stage 2 with CAN
- 34%
- Higher risk of transition from stage 2 to stage 4 with CAN
- 39%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Earlier occurrence of CKM components
years
- CHD occurred earlier with CAN
- 4.0
- Diabetes occurred earlier with CAN
- 3.1
Subgroup: excess adiposity
- Associations particularly pronounced with excess adiposity
Original publication
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is associated with the incidence and progression of cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 9 June 2026. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwag312
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it