Heart failure & cardiomyopathies
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing utilization and clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure across racial and ethnic groups
- 1:1 propensity score matching
- TriNetX
+1 more
- TriNetX
Authors' conclusion
CPET utilization was associated with lower mortality in White and Hispanic patients, with borderline significance in Asian patients at 5 years and a non-significant trend in Black patients. These associations may reflect engagement with speciality HF care rather than testing itself. Minority patients were under-represented among CPET recipients, highlighting CPET access as a marker of inequity in advanced HF care.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with heart failure (HF) (ICD-10 I50.x, 2010–23), stratified by race/ethnicity and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) receipt (CPT 94,621) within 1 year of diagnosispatients with HF, after matching, 8355 pairs were analysed
- Participants
- 807,379 adults
- Comparison
- CPET receipt within 1 year of diagnosis, by race/ethnicity, after 1:1 propensity score matching
- CPET recipientsn = 10,268
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
CPET utilization · within 1 year
- Overall
- 1.27%
- White
- 1.39%
- Black
- 1.20%
- Hispanic
- 0.69%
- Asian
- 0.79%
Further findings
All-cause mortality
| Comparison | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPET recipients · White, 1-year · after matching | 0.58 (0.51–0.65) | P < 0.001 | |
| CPET recipients · Hispanic, 1-year · after matching | 0.50 (0.25–0.98) | P = 0.040 | |
| CPET recipients · Asian, 5 years; borderline significance · after matching | 0.54 (0.29–1.00) | P = 0.048 | |
| CPET recipients · Black, 1-year; non-significant trend · after matching | 0.70 (0.39–1.24) | P = 0.214 | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
HF hospitalization
| Comparison | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPET recipients · White, 1-year; higher · suggesting surveillance bias | 1.18 (1.14–1.23) | P < 0.001 | |
| CPET recipients · Asian; higher · suggesting surveillance bias | 1.73 (1.35–2.21) | P < 0.001 | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing utilization and clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure across racial and ethnic groups. ESC Heart Fail. Published 16 October 2026. doi:10.
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Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it