Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCohort study
Cause-Specific Death in Heart Failure Across the Ejection Fraction Spectrum: A Comprehensive Assessment of Over 100 000 Patients in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
- Registry-based cohort study
- Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF) linked to National Patient Register
- Cox regression adjusted for age, sex and time period
Authors' conclusion
Cardiovascular death was more common than non-CV death across all EF categories although the risk of non-CV death within 5 years was higher with increasing EF. IHD and cancer were the most common causes of CV and non-CV deaths, respectively, regardless of EF category.
Study context
- Population
- Patients enrolled in SwedeHF 2000–2021; median age 75 (IQR 66–82), 36% female23% HFpEF, 23% HFmrEF, 53% HFrEF
- Participants
- 100,584 patients
- Exposure
- HFpEF and HFmrEF vs HFrEF
- Outcome
- Cause-specific death (CV and non-CV)
- Follow-up
- Within 5 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
CV and non-CV death
HFpEF vs HFrEFHazard ratio (95% CI)P value
non-CV death, adjusted
1.33(1.28–1.38)
P < 0.001CV death, adjusted
0.85(0.82–0.88)
P < 0.001Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Most common causes of cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV death
- Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cancer most common causes of CV and non-CV death regardless of ejection fraction (EF) category
Incidence rates of cause-specific CV death
- CV death due to IHD highest in HFrEF
- CV death due to pulmonary vascular disease, stroke, valvular heart disease and AF increased with increasing EF
Incidence rates of cause-specific non-CV death
- Non-CV death due to cancer, respiratory disease and infections increased with increasing EF
Original publication
Cause-Specific Death in Heart Failure Across the Ejection Fraction Spectrum: A Comprehensive Assessment of Over 100 000 Patients in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. Published 12 April 2024. doi:10.1002/ejhf.3230
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it