Cohort study
Circulating ketone bodies and cardiovascular outcomes: the MESA study
- Prospective cohort study
- multivariable-adjusted
Authors' conclusion
The study found that elevated endogenous KB in a healthy community-based population is associated with a higher rate of CVD and mortality.
Study context
- Population
- Ethnically diverse population free from cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)
- Participants
- 6,796 participants
- Exposure
- Total ketone bodies (KB)
- Outcome
- Hard CVD (MI, resuscitated cardiac arrest, stroke, CV death) and all CVD (additionally adjudicated angina)
- Follow-up
- Mean 13.6 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Total KB, per 10-fold increaseHazard ratio (95% CI)
hard CVD
1.54(1.12–2.12)
all CVD
1.37(1.04–1.80)
Per 10-fold increase, as printed
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Estimate |
|---|---|
| CVD mortality | increased rate 87% (95% CI 1.17–2.97) |
| All-cause mortality | increased rate 81% (CI 1.45–2.23) |
| Incident HF | 1.68 (CI 1.07–2.65) |
Original publication
Circulating ketone bodies and cardiovascular outcomes: the MESA study. Eur Heart J. Published 6 March 2023. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad087
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it