Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesMeta-analysis

Combination of heart failure and atrial fibrillation worsens ethnicity-related disparity: an individual patient-level meta-analysis of randomized trials

Eur J Heart FailPublished

  • Individual patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials
  • placebo-controlled trials
  • confounder-adjusted
  • propensity-score matching

Authors' conclusion

Non-white patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction suffer from substantially higher rates of death than white patients, with comorbid atrial fibrillation leading to significant worsening of this ethnicity-related disparity.

Study context

Population
Patients with heart failure (HF) (reduced EF) in 12 placebo-controlled RCTs (11 vs beta-blockers, 1 vs spironolactone); 3145 with comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF), 13,568 in sinus rhythm
Participants
16,713 patients · 12 RCTs
Comparison
Non-white vs white ethnicity
  • Non-whiten = 1,899
Outcome
All-cause mortality
Follow-up
Median 1.4 years

Pooled result

As reported in the abstract

Hazard ratio

1.36

95% CI 1.20–1.54

P < 0.001

Events by group

Non-white vs White
HR 1.36 (95% CI 1.20–1.54); P < 0.001

Further pooled results

OutcomeHR (95% CI)P value
All-cause mortality, by rhythm (HF+AF vs HF in sinus rhythm) — Non-white vs White · HF with coexisting AF2.05 (1.55–2.70)P < 0.001
All-cause mortality, by rhythm (HF+AF vs HF in sinus rhythm) — Non-white vs White · HF in sinus rhythm1.24 (1.08–1.41)P = 0.002
  • All-cause mortality, by rhythm (HF+AF vs HF in sinus rhythm): interaction P=.003
  • All-cause mortality, by rhythm (HF+AF vs HF in sinus rhythm): confirmed with propensity-score matching (P = .009)

CV and HF-related death; CV and HF-related hospitalization

Similar disparities with ethnicity

Original publication

Combination of heart failure and atrial fibrillation worsens ethnicity-related disparity: an individual patient-level meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur J Heart Fail. Published 24 February 2026. doi:10.1093/ejhf/xuag017

Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it