Prevention & lipidsCohort study
Combined pre-hypertension, pre-diabetes, and pre-hyperlipidaemia and long-term cardiovascular risk in young adults: a nationwide cohort study
- Retrospective cohort study
- nationwide
Authors' conclusion
The simultaneous presence of pre-hypertension, pre-diabetes, and pre-hyperlipidemia in young adults confers a measurable and clinically relevant elevation in long-term cardiovascular risk, despite the absence of overt cardiometabolic disease.
Study context
- Population
- Korean adults aged 30–39 years without established hypertension, DM or dyslipidemia, national health screening 2009eligible of 1,743,696 screened
- Participants
- 497,316 adults
- Exposure
- Combined pre-disease vs None
- Combined pre-diseasen = 44,553
- Outcome
- Composite of:
- MI
- Stroke
- CV death
- Follow-up
- mean 14.2-year follow-up
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Adjusted hazard ratio
1.23
95% CI 1.11–1.36
Combined pre-disease vs None
adjusted HR 1.23 (95% CI 1.11–1.36)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | aHR |
|---|---|
| MI | 1.18 |
| Stroke | 1.35 |
All-cause mortality
- No significant differences
Subgroups (BMI, lifestyle behaviors, lipid patterns)
- Findings consistent across subgroups
Original publication
Combined pre-hypertension, pre-diabetes, and pre-hyperlipidaemia and long-term cardiovascular risk in young adults: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 27 April 2026. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwag233
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it