Aortic & peripheral vascular diseaseCohort study
Comprehensive risk factor control in Type 2 diabetes and incident peripheral artery disease
- Prospective cohort study
- matched cohort
- UK Biobank
Authors' conclusion
Individuals with T2D who achieved optimal risk factor control had no excess risk of PAD than matched non-T2D counterparts.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T2D free of CVD and peripheral artery disease (PAD) at baseline, UK Biobank14,458 T2D, 56,961 controls
- Exposure
- T2D by number of risk factors controlled vs matched non-T2D individuals
- Non-T2Dn = 56,961reference
- Outcome
- Incident PAD
- Follow-up
- Median 11.9 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Each group vs Non-T2DHazard ratio (95% CI)
T2D ≤2 risk factors controlled
2.49(1.94–3.19)
T2D ≥6 risk factors controlled
0.82(0.51–1.31)
- Among T2D, lower PAD risk per additional controlled factor
- ∼23%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | difference (years) (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Difference in PAD-free survival time at age 45 years — T2D ≤2 risk factors controlled vs Non-T2D | −1.41 (−1.78 to −1.03) | |
| Difference in PAD-free survival time at age 45 years — T2D ≥6 risk factors controlled vs Non-T2D | −0.11 (−0.38 to 0.16) | |
| −2−101Difference, years (linear scale) |
| Outcome | T2D ≤2 risk factors controlled | T2D ≥6 risk factors controlled | Non-T2D | Estimate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAD incidence, all T2D vs matched non-T2D · median follow-up 11.9 years | Not reported in the abstract | Not reported in the abstract | 1.2% |
- PAD incidence, all T2D vs matched non-T2D: T2D 2.8%
Original publication
Comprehensive risk factor control in Type 2 diabetes and incident peripheral artery disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 31 October 2025. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf697
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it