Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesResearch article
Cost-effectiveness of digitoxin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in the European Union and the United States
- Cost-effectiveness analysis
- three-state Markov cost-utility model
- multi-jurisdictional
- 10 000 probabilistic simulations
Authors' conclusion
Digitoxin generated clinically meaningful health benefits at negligible incremental cost and remained cost-effective across every evaluated EU-27 healthcare system and the USA.
Study context
- Population
- Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF), all 27 EU Member States and the United States (US) (DIGIT-HF-informed model)
- Comparison
- Digitoxin add-on vs no digitoxin
- Outcome
- Cost-effectiveness (incremental costs, QALYs, ICER)
- Follow-up
- 10-year and lifetime
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Cost-effectiveness, EU-27 · 10 years
Incremental costs per patient
-€338 to +€25
Incremental quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)
0.188-0.231
Maximum incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)
€120/QALY
Cost-saving Member States
24 of 27
Further findings
Cost-effectiveness, EU-27 · lifetime
- Incremental costs per patient
- -€79 to +€72
- Incremental QALYs
- 0.373-0.453
- Maximum ICER
- €174/QALY
- Cost-saving Member States
- 10 of 27
Probability of cost-effectiveness at €50 000/QALY, EU-27
- Probability of cost-effectiveness
- 92%
Cost-effectiveness, US · lifetime
- Lifetime savings per patient
- US$405
- QALYs gained
- 0.43
- Probability of cost-effectiveness
- 93.4%
- cost-saving
Original publication
Cost-effectiveness of digitoxin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in the European Union and the United States. Eur J Heart Fail. Published 29 August 2026. doi:10.1093/ejhf/xuag270
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it