Heart failure & cardiomyopathies
Demographics and clinical characteristics of Indian patients with heart failure visiting outpatient clinics: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors' conclusion
Higher BMI and blood pressure were associated with HFpEF, whereas elevated NT-proBNP and diabetes were associated with HFrEF. These cross-sectional associations may support phenotype-specific management of HF.
Study context
- Population
- Adult heart failure (HF) outpatients with documented ejection fraction (EF) at centres across India (April 2021-March 2023)patients (62 ± 10 years, 73% male)
- Participants
- 1,207 outpatients
- Exposure
- Factors associated with HF phenotype defined according to ejection fraction (EF); HFpEF vs HFrEF
- HFrEFn = 822
- HFmrEFn = 89
- HFpEFn = 296
- Outcome
- HF phenotype distribution
Methodological detailsmulticentre, outpatient cohort, multivariable logistic regression
- Multicentre
- Outpatient cohort
- Multivariable logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Estimate | |
|---|---|---|
| Factors associated with odds of HFpEF (multivariable analysis)Higher BMI · higher odds of HFpEF · multivariable analysis | OR 1.35 per 5 kg/m² (95% CI 1.10–1.65) | |
| Factors associated with odds of HFpEF (multivariable analysis)Higher systolic blood pressure · higher odds of HFpEF · multivariable analysis | OR 1.48 per 10 mmHg (95% CI 1.37–1.60) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
Factors associated with odds of HFpEF (multivariable analysis)
| OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| StrokeHigher odds of HFpEF · multivariable analysis | 1.99 (1.11–3.54) | |
| Higher NT-proBNPLower odds of HFpEF · multivariable analysis | 0.46 (0.40–0.53) | |
| DiabetesLower odds of HFpEF · multivariable analysis | 0.56 (0.38–0.83) | |
| 0.20.5125Odds ratio (log scale) |
| Outcome | HFrEF | HFpEF |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure, BMI, chronic kidney disease, stroke | ||
| Systolic blood pressure | 122 ± 25 mmHg | 153 ± 26 mmHg |
| BMI | 26.4 ± 4.4 kg/m² | 27.5 ± 4.9 kg/m² |
| Chronic kidney disease | 23% | 45% |
| Stroke | 6.2% | 27% |
| Ischaemic heart diseaseMore common in HFrEF | 66% | 56% |
| NT-proBNPHigher in HFrEF · median, pg/ml | 3705 (range as printed 481–6232) | 140 (range as printed 121–521) |
- Systolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), chronic kidney disease, stroke: all P ≤ .003
- Ischaemic heart disease: P = .002
- NT-proBNP: P < .001
Original publication
Demographics and clinical characteristics of Indian patients with heart failure visiting outpatient clinics: a cross-sectional observational study. ESC Heart Fail. Published 10 September 2026. doi:10.
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