Prevention & lipidsCross-sectional study
E-Cigarette Use and Early Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults
- Cross-sectional study
- multivariable-adjusted linear and log-linear regression
Authors' conclusion
Long-term vaping in young adults was associated with higher blood pressure, with evidence of a dose-response by vaping intensity. Vaping alone or vaping plus smoking provided no risk reduction for hypertension compared to never vaping or smoking.
Study context
- Population
- Cardiovascular (CV) disease-free young adults aged 18 to 49 yearsCV disease-free participants recruited into 4 groups
- Participants
- 372 adults
- Exposure
- vaping/never smoking, vaping/former smoking, and dual use compared to never vaping/never smoking
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
SBP/DBP (adjusted for age, gender, education, and body mass index)
Least squares mean difference, mm Hg (95% CI)
vaping/never smoking vs never vaping/never smokingSBP; vaping/never smoking compared to never vaping/never smoking: positive estimate = higher in vaping/never smoking
4.79(1.83–7.75)
vaping/never smoking vs never vaping/never smokingDBP; vaping/never smoking compared to never vaping/never smoking: positive estimate = higher in vaping/never smoking
2.88(0.54–5.21)
vaping/former smoking vs never vaping/never smokingSBP; vaping/former smoking compared to never vaping/never smoking: positive estimate = higher in vaping/former smoking
1.60(−1.65 to 4.85)
vaping/former smoking vs never vaping/never smokingDBP; vaping/former smoking compared to never vaping/never smoking: positive estimate = higher in vaping/former smoking
1.44(−1.12 to 4.00)
dual use vs never vaping/never smokingSBP; dual use compared to never vaping/never smoking: positive estimate = higher in dual use
1.10(−1.86 to 4.06)
dual use vs never vaping/never smokingDBP; dual use compared to never vaping/never smoking: positive estimate = higher in dual use
1.48(−0.86 to 3.82)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | least squares mean difference (mm Hg) (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| SBP/DBP by e-cigarette puffs/day — greater than 100 e-cigarette puffs/day vs fewer than 36 e-cigarette puffs/day | 4.84 (0.94–8.74) | |
| SBP/DBP by e-cigarette puffs/day — greater than 100 e-cigarette puffs/day vs fewer than 36 e-cigarette puffs/day | 3.57 (0.74–6.41) | |
| −50510Difference, mm Hg (linear scale) |
- SBP/DBP by e-cigarette puffs/day: SBP; greater than 100 vs fewer than 36 puffs/day: positive estimate = higher with greater than 100 puffs/day
- SBP/DBP by e-cigarette puffs/day: DBP; greater than 100 vs fewer than 36 puffs/day: positive estimate = higher with greater than 100 puffs/day
Framingham reactive hyperemia index
- No association between vaping categories and Framingham reactive hyperemia index
Spatially weighted coronary artery calcification (CAC) score
- Inverse association for the 3 vaping categories vs never vaping/never smoking
Participant characteristics
- median (Q1-Q3) age
- 26 (21-33) years
- males
- 50.5%
- median (Q1-Q3) years of vaping
- 4 (2-6) years
Original publication
E-Cigarette Use and Early Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults. JACC Adv. Published 19 August 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2026.103163
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it