Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCohort study
Ethnicity and Heart Failure Outcomes in England
- Retrospective cohort study
- national registry data
Authors' conclusion
In a universal health care system, treating an ethnically diverse population hospitalized for HF, non-White patients received better pharmacological management, which was associated with better long-term outcomes.
Study context
- Population
- Patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (HF) in England, 2018–2023 (National Heart Failure Audit)
- Participants
- 239,890 patients
- Exposure
- Ethnic groups vs White
- Whiten = 215,800reference
- Blackn = 6,610
- Asiann = 12,940
- Mixed/othern = 4,540
- Outcome
- Long-term all-cause mortality
- Follow-up
- Median 68 weeks (IQR: 20-142 weeks)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Mortality · median follow-up 68 weeks
Each group vs whiteHazard ratio (95% CI)
Black
0.81(0.78–0.84)
Asian
0.77(0.75–0.79)
Mixed/other
0.72(0.69–0.75)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Age
Discharge on guideline-recommended therapies (HFrEF)
- White patients least likely to be discharged on guideline-recommended therapies
Cause of death
- Deaths due to CV or respiratory causes
- About 90%
Original publication
Ethnicity and Heart Failure Outcomes in England. J Am Coll Cardiol. Published 17 March 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.12.025
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it