Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCohort study
Female Reproductive Factors and Risk of New-Onset Heart Failure
- Prospective cohort study
- UK Biobank
Authors' conclusion
The findings emphasize the importance of female reproductive history in the assessment of HF risk.
Study context
- Population
- Women without prevalent heart failure (HF), UK Biobank, enrolled 2007–2010, followed until December 2020mean age 56.5 years
- Participants
- 229,026 women
- Exposure
- Female reproductive factors and incident HF
- Outcome
- Incident HF
- Follow-up
- Followed until December 2020
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Menarche <12 y vs 12-13 y
1.09(1.01–1.18)
Menopause <45 y vs 50-51 y
1.15(1.03–1.28)
Menopause 45-49 y vs 50-51 y
1.11(1.01–1.23)
First live birth <21 y vs 24-26 y
1.42(1.28–1.59)
First live birth 21-23 y vs 24-26 y
1.14(1.03–1.26)
Last live birth <26 y vs 29-31 y
1.19(1.07–1.33)
3 or 4 children vs 1 or 2 children
1.09(1.02–1.17)
>4 children vs 1 or 2 children
1.24(1.05–1.47)
- 1 stillbirth vs no stillbirth: larger risk of HF
- 20%
- Recurrent stillbirths vs no stillbirth: larger risk of HF
- 43%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Female Reproductive Factors and Risk of New-Onset Heart Failure. JACC Heart Fail. Published 19 April 2023. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2023.02.019
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it