Prevention & lipidsMeta-analysis
Female-specific risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in postmenopauseal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
- PRISMA
- GRADE
Authors' conclusion
In postmenopausal women without prior CVD, later age at menopause may be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. No clear associations were observed for number of children, age at first childbirth or pregnancy loss.
Study context
- Population
- Postmenopausal women without prior CVD34 studies
- Comparison
- Female reproductive factors
- Outcome
- CV outcomes
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
PEE
- Later age at menopause (per 5-year increase) · CV events
- 0.94 (95% CI 0.90–0.98)
- Number of children · CV outcomes
- 0.99 (95% CI 0.96–1.01)
- Age at first childbirth · CV outcomes
- 0.99 (95% CI 0.97–1.00)
- History of pregnancy loss · no significant association; results sensitive to individual studies
- 1.22 (95% CI 0.93–1.61)
Original publication
Female-specific risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in postmenopauseal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 30 May 2026. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwag293
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it