Prevention & lipidsCohort study
Heart rate response and recovery in cycle exercise testing: normal values and association with mortality
- Cohort study
Authors' conclusion
All HR indices were age-dependent and associated with all-cause and CV mortality. Blunted HR recovery variables were the strongest predictors of all-cause mortality, even in subjects with normal exercise capacity. Combined blunted HR indices appeared to add prognostic value.
Study context
- Population
- Subjects aged 18–85 years who performed a cycle exercise test2,242 apparently healthy
- Participants
- 9,917 subjects
- Exposure
- Blunted vs normal HR indices
- Outcome
- All-cause and CV mortality
- Follow-up
- Median 8.6 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
All-cause mortality (blunted HR recovery, <5th percentile)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
HRR1
1.70(1.49–1.94)
HRR2
1.57(1.37–1.79)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
All-cause mortality, subjects with normal exercise capacity (subgroup)
| Comparison | hazard ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| HRR1 | 1.96 (1.61–2.39) | |
| HRR2 | 1.76 (1.46–2.12) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
All-cause mortality, combined blunted HR indices
| Comparison | hazard ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| HRR1 and HRR2 | 1.96 (1.68–2.29) | |
| peak HR and HRR1 | 1.87 (1.56–2.23) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
All-cause mortality, combined blunted HR indices
- No specific combination was superior for predicting cardiovascular (CV) mortality
Original publication
Heart rate response and recovery in cycle exercise testing: normal values and association with mortality. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 26 September 2024. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae308
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it