Cardiometabolic & kidneyCohort study
Income variability and incident cardiovascular disease in diabetes: a population-based cohort study
- Population-based cohort study
- nationally representative
Authors' conclusion
Higher income variability, income declines, and sustained low income were associated with increased CVD risk.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged 30–64 with T2D and no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 2009–2012
- Participants
- 1,528,108 adults
- Exposure
- Highest vs lowest quartile of income variability
- Outcome
- Composite of:
- Incident fatal
- Nonfatal CVD (MI, HF and stroke)
- Follow-up
- Mean 7.3 years
Main finding
Composite CVD
Hazard ratio
1.25
95% CI 1.22–1.27
P < 0.001 for trend
Highest quartile vs Lowest quartile
HR 1.25 (95% CI 1.22–1.27); P for trend < 0.001
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sustained low income (lowest quartile) over 5 years | 1.38 (1.35–1.41) | P for trend < 0.0001 | |
| Sustained high income (highest quartile) over 5 years | 0.71 (0.70–0.72) | P for trend < 0.0001 | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Income decline (4 years ago vs baseline)
- Increased CVD risk, particularly when income decreased to the lowest level (Medical Aid), regardless of initial income
Original publication
Income variability and incident cardiovascular disease in diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Eur Heart J. Published 26 April 2024. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae132
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it