Indications, protocols, and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging for the evaluation and management of athletes: a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Part 2: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, cardiac CT, and nuclear imaging

Integrated with clinical data and first-line tests, CMR, cardiac CT and nuclear imaging improve diagnostic precision and risk stratification in athletes, including ventricular arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, congenital coronary anomalies, inflammatory myocardial disease and CAD

Standardized protocols tailored to age, training and clinical indication are essential to avoid misinterpreting physiological adaptation as disease

Responsible reporting, considering performance and legal implications of diagnoses; second-line imaging when justified

Functional imaging for ischaemia or inflammation is central in guiding return-to-play decisions