Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesRandomised controlled trial
Influenza vaccination to improve outcomes for patients with acute heart failure (PANDA II): a multiregional, seasonal, hospital-based, cluster-randomised, controlled trial in China
- Randomised controlled trial
- pragmatic
- multiregional
- parallel-group
- cluster (hospital)-randomised
- superiority
- three winter seasons
Authors' conclusion
Influenza vaccination during a hospital admission in patients with acute heart failure can improve their survival and reduce likelihood of readmission to hospital over the subsequent 12 months.
Study context
- Population
- Adults admitted with acute HF (NYHA class III or IV), no contraindication to influenza vaccination, 164 hospitals in China, 2021–2024
- Participants
- 7,771 adults · 164 hospitals
- Comparison
- In-hospital influenza vaccination vs usual care
- Influenza vaccinationn = 3,570
- Usual caren = 4,201reference
- Primary endpoint
- Composite of:
- All-cause mortality or any hospital readmission
- Excluding events within 30 days after discharge (and summer season events at northern sites)
- Follow-up
- 12 months
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Odds ratio
0.83
95% CI 0.72–0.97
P = 0.019
Events by treatment group
Influenza vaccination vs Usual care
OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.72–0.97); P = 0.019
Safety
| Outcome | Influenza vaccination | Usual care | OR (CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serious adverse event | 52.5% | 59.0% | 0.82 (0.70–0.96) | P = 0.013 | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
- Serious adverse event: n: 3444 vs 4110
Original publication
Influenza vaccination to improve outcomes for patients with acute heart failure (PANDA II): a multiregional, seasonal, hospital-based, cluster-randomised, controlled trial in China. Lancet. Published 30 August 2025. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01485-0
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it