Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCohort study
Joint association of air pollutants and lifestyles on early-/late-onset heart failure: a population-based prospective cohort study
- Prospective cohort study
- population-based
- UK Biobank
Authors' conclusion
Air pollutants and lifestyles are jointly associated with HF risk, with young adults in air-polluted areas potentially gaining greater benefits from lifestyle differences.
Study context
- Population
- UK Biobank participants (2006–2010 baseline, followed up until 2023)
- Participants
- 233,341 participants
- Exposure
- Joint exposure to air pollution and unhealthy lifestyle
- Outcome
- Joint association of air pollution and lifestyle scores with HF, early- vs late-onset HF
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Additive interaction of unfavourable lifestyle and high air pollution on HF
- All heart failure (HF)
- relative excess risk due to interaction 0.44 (95% CI 0.14∼0.74)
- Early-onset HF
- relative excess risk due to interaction 1.33 (95% CI 0.03∼2.62)
- Late-onset HF
- relative excess risk due to interaction 0.39 (95% CI 0.08∼0.70)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
HF incidence difference, unfavourable (5∼6) vs favourable (0∼2) lifestyle, high vs low air pollution
- All HF
- 1.62-fold (95%CI:1.42∼1.84)
- Early-onset HF
- 3.35-fold (95%CI:1.76∼9.79)
- Late-onset HF
- 1.52-fold (95%CI:1.33∼1.74)
Original publication
Joint association of air pollutants and lifestyles on early-/late-onset heart failure: a population-based prospective cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 4 September 2026. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwag456
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it