Arrhythmias & electrophysiologySecondary analysis
Latent class analysis to identify phenotype-specific treatment effects of catheter ablation vs drug therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: A secondary analysis of the CABANA trial
- secondary analysis of the CABANA trial
- Latent class analysis
- intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) frameworks
- Cox models with a treatment-by-class interaction term
Authors' conclusion
LCA identified 3 AF phenotypes with differential responses to catheter ablation vs drug therapy. These findings suggest treatment heterogeneity across AF phenotypes and support further evaluation of phenotype-guided rhythm-control strategies.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) randomized to catheter ablation or drug therapy in the CABANA trialpatients randomized to catheter ablation or drug therapy · class 1 (older multi-morbid symptomatic phenotype) 558 · class 2 (older preserved-function lower-comorbidity phenotype) 739 · class 3 (younger male metabolic-risk phenotype) 905
- Participants
- 2,204 patients
- Comparison
- catheter ablation vs drug therapy across latent classes
- Primary endpoint
- Composite of:
- All-cause death
- Disabling stroke
- Serious bleeding
- Cardiac arrest
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Adjusted hazard ratio
0.56
95% CI 0.34–0.92
catheter ablation vs drug therapy
adjusted hazard ratio 0.56 (95% CI 0.34–0.92)
Further findings
Per-protocol analysis of treatment effect across classes
- PP analysis showed similar patterns, with the most favorable estimates observed in class 2
- interaction P = .047
Original publication
Latent class analysis to identify phenotype-specific treatment effects of catheter ablation vs drug therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: A secondary analysis of the CABANA trial. Heart Rhythm. Published 8 July 2026. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.07.008
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it