Heart failure & cardiomyopathies
Normal standardized left ventricular longitudinal strain curves stratified by age and sex in healthy individuals: the Copenhagen City Heart Study
- Copenhagen City Heart Study
- internal validation in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS)
- external validation in the LOOP study
+2 more
- internal validation in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS)
- external validation in the LOOP study
Authors' conclusion
We established normal sex- and age-specific longitudinal strain curves and furthermore demonstrated their utility by deriving novel measures from these with prognostic value beyond conventional measures. While promising, further validation in external populations is warranted. The normal curves and relevant code are publicly available.
Study context
- Population
- Healthy participants of the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS); external cohort from the LOOP studyCCHS healthy subjects (mean ± SD age 45.3 ± 15.2 years, 62.3% female) 1,641 · LOOP study (mean ± SD age 74.4 ± 4.0 years, 47.4% female) 1,307
- Participants
- 1,641 vs 1,307
- Comparison
- Novel strain-curve measures (EDS, LDS, mean and diastolic strain deviation) against a composite endpoint of cardiovascular death and incident heart failure or atrial fibrillation
- CCHSn = 1,641
- LOOP studyn = 1,307
Performance
As reported in the abstract
Strain curve morphology with age
- EDS decreased with age, while LDS increased
Further findings
Composite outcome by mean strain deviation
| Comparison | adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean strain deviation · independently associated | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | P = 0.045 | |
| 0.512Adjusted hazard ratio (log scale) |
- Composite of cardiovascular death and incident heart failure or atrial fibrillation (LOOP study) · median follow-up of 4.9 [interquartile interval: 3.0, 5.6] years
- 31.3% · 409 of 1307
Composite outcome by mean strain deviation
- Composite outcome by diastolic strain deviation: diastolic strain deviation was not independently associated with the outcome
Original publication
Normal standardized left ventricular longitudinal strain curves stratified by age and sex in healthy individuals: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. Published 20 June 2026. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jeag154
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it