Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesResearch article
Nurse led titration of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure: an operative flow chart
- article describes the operational aspects required to implement a nurse-led guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) titration program
- operational flow chart
- Italian medical-legal aspects are also discussed
Authors' conclusion
A multi-professional strategy to manage HF patients involving nurse-led titration of GDMT for HF is suggested as a possible way to improve guideline uptake in real-world practice. This paper aims to describe how to implement it in daily practice in countries such as Italy, where nurse-led titration is not yet standard of care.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with heart failure (HF) receiving guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), Italy
Further findings
Prerequisites for nurse-led GDMT titration
- The main prerequisites are dedicated training and the adoption of management protocols, which, pending national educational plans and protocols, should start at the level of local institutions
- Complemented by detailed medical prescriptions specifying, for each patient, the timing and methods of titration, any other assessments to be performed, and the resulting actions
Original publication
Nurse led titration of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure: an operative flow chart. ESC Heart Fail. Published 6 October 2026. doi:10.1093/eschf/xvag223
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it