Prevention & lipidsCross-sectional study
Obesity, cardiovascular risk, and lifestyle: cross-sectional and prospective analyses in a nationwide Spanish cohort
- Cross-sectional and prospective cohort study
- nationwide
Authors' conclusion
Overweight and obesity are independently associated with an unhealthy cardiometabolic status. Regular physical activity attenuates not only the prevalence but also the incidence of CVD risk factors.
Study context
- Population
- Spanish adults aged 18–64 years, nationwide cohortprospective subcohort n = 302,061
- Participants
- 596,111 adults
- Exposure
- Overweight and obesity vs normal weight
- Outcome
- Unhealthy cardiometabolic status (≥1 cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor: diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia or hypertension)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Unhealthy cardiometabolic status
Each group vs normal weightOdds ratio (95% CI)
Overweightprevalence
1.67(1.61–1.67)
Obesityprevalence
2.70(2.69–2.78)
Overweightincidence
1.62(1.59–1.67)
Obesityincidence
2.70(2.63–2.78)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Meeting physical activity guidelines, overweight/obesity (subgroup) — Meeting physical activity guidelines vs Normal weight · unhealthy status at baseline | 0.87 (0.85–0.88) | |
| Meeting physical activity guidelines, overweight/obesity (subgroup) — Meeting physical activity guidelines vs Normal weight · transition healthy to unhealthy during follow-up | 0.87 (0.84–0.94) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
Other lifestyle factors (sleep, alcohol, smoking)
- No significant associations for the remainder of lifestyle factors
Original publication
Obesity, cardiovascular risk, and lifestyle: cross-sectional and prospective analyses in a nationwide Spanish cohort. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 15 June 2023. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwad204
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it