Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCohort study
Oral magnesium and outcomes in US veterans with heart failure
- Retrospective cohort study
- propensity-score matched
- outcome-blinded matching
Authors' conclusion
Oral magnesium therapy was associated with a lower risk of HF hospitalization or death in patients with HF and hypomagnesemia.
Study context
- Population
- US Veterans with heart failure (HF) and hypomagnesemia (serum magnesium <1.7 mg/dL), 2001–2023; separate normomagnesemia cohortmatched hypomagnesemia cohort
- Participants
- 21,098 veterans
- Exposure
- Oral magnesium vs no oral magnesium
- Oral magnesiumn = 10,549
- Outcome
- HF hospitalization or death
- Follow-up
- One year
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
HF hospitalization or death (hypomagnesemia cohort)
Hazard ratio
0.91
95% CI 0.86–0.97
By group
Oral magnesium vs No oral magnesium
HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.86–0.97)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
HF hospitalization or death, hypomagnesemia cohort by serum magnesium (subgroups) · 1 year
- Serum magnesium 1.6 mg/dL (n = 5929): HR (95% CI) oral magnesium vs none
- 0.99 (0.88-1.12)
- Serum magnesium 1.3-1.5 mg/dL (n = 11 293): HR (95% CI) oral magnesium vs none; interaction P = .20
- 0.91 (0.84-0.98)
- Serum magnesium <1.3 mg/dL (n = 3876): HR (95% CI) oral magnesium vs none; interaction P = .03
- 0.81 (0.71-0.93)
- matched cohort
HF hospitalization or death, normomagnesemia cohort (serum magnesium 1.7-2.3 mg/dL) · 1 year
- Rate without vs with oral magnesium
- 17.8% and 19.5%
- HR (95% CI) oral magnesium vs none
- 1.11 (1.02-1.21)
- matched cohort (n = 11 634; treated, n = 5817)
HF hospitalization or death by serum magnesium (spline regression)
- HRs lower at serum magnesium <1.5 mg/dL, higher at >1.8 mg/dL, not significant at 1.5-1.8 mg/dL
Original publication
Oral magnesium and outcomes in US veterans with heart failure. Eur Heart J. Published 4 December 2025. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf881
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it