Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Generalized Microvascular Dysfunction: The Maastricht Study
Authors' conclusion
Prediabetes, T2DM, and measures of hyperglycemia are independently associated with impaired microvascular function in the retina and skin.
Study context
- Population
- T2DM-enriched population-based cohort (51% men, mean age 59.7±8.2 years)
- Participants
- 2,213 participants
- Exposure
- Prediabetes and T2DM vs normal glucose metabolism
- Normal glucose metabolismn = 1,269reference
- Prediabetesn = 335
- T2DMn = 609
- Outcome
- Microvascular function: flicker light-induced retinal arteriolar %-dilation and heat-induced skin %-hyperemia
Methodological detailsT2DM-enriched, multivariable-adjusted
- T2DM-enriched
- Multivariable-adjusted
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Retinal arteriolar %-dilation; skin %-hyperemia
B
- Prediabetes · retinal arteriolar %-dilation, adjusted
- −0.20 (95% CI −0.56 to 0.15)
- T2DM · retinal arteriolar %-dilation, adjusted; P for trend=0.001
- −0.61 (95% CI −0.97 to −0.25)
- Prediabetes · skin %-hyperemia, adjusted
- −46 (95% CI −163 to 72)
- T2DM · skin %-hyperemia, adjusted; P for trend=0.001
- −184 (95% CI −297 to −71)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Standardized B (CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Retinal arteriolar %-dilation and skin %-hyperemia per higher glycohemoglobin A1cHigher glycohemoglobin A1c · retinal arteriolar %-dilation · fully adjusted models | −0.10 (−0.15 to −0.05) | P < 0.001 |
| Retinal arteriolar %-dilation and skin %-hyperemia per higher glycohemoglobin A1cHigher glycohemoglobin A1c · skin %-hyperemia · fully adjusted models | −0.13 (−0.19 to −0.07) | P < 0.001 |
| Retinal arteriolar %-dilation and skin %-hyperemia per higher fasting plasma glucoseHigher fasting plasma glucose · retinal arteriolar %-dilation · fully adjusted models | −0.09 (−0.15 to −0.04) | P < 0.001 |
| Retinal arteriolar %-dilation and skin %-hyperemia per higher fasting plasma glucoseHigher fasting plasma glucose · skin %-hyperemia · fully adjusted models | −0.10 (−0.15 to −0.04) | P = 0.002 |
Original publication
Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Generalized Microvascular Dysfunction: The Maastricht Study. Circulation. Published 27 September 2016. doi:10.
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it