Pregnancy in women with autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular risk in the offspring: a Swedish population-based cohort study
Main finding · Any CVD in offspringResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 1.19 95% CI 1.14–1.24Authors' conclusion
Maternal AIDs is associated with a moderately increased risk of CVD in childhood and early adulthood in offspring.
Study context
- Population
- Live singleton births in Sweden, 2001–2014, followed to 31 December 202340,260 (2.8%) with cardiovascular disease (CVD)
- Participants
- 1,455,645 births
- Exposure
- Intrauterine exposure to maternal autoimmune diseases vs no exposure
- Maternal autoimmune diseases (AIDs)n = 90,046
- Outcome
- Any CVD in offspring
- Follow-up
- Median 15.2 years (range, 0-23.7 years)
Methodological detailsnationwide, cousin analyses, paternal AID negative-control analyses
- Nationwide
- Cousin analyses
- Paternal AID negative-control analyses
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio
1.19
95% CI 1.14–1.24
Maternal AIDsvs Unexposed
HR 1.19 (95% CI 1.14–1.24)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
CVD by maternal AID category
- Elevated CVD risks in offspring across maternal AID categories
Paternal AIDs and cousin analyses
- Paternal AIDs had a weaker association with offspring CVD than maternal AIDs
- Associations persisted in cousin analyses, somewhat weaker than in main analyses
Original publication
Pregnancy in women with autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular risk in the offspring: a Swedish population-based cohort study. Eur Heart J. Published 22 April 2026. doi:10.
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