Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCohort study
Prevalence and predictors of high inflammatory risk in heart failure subtypes: findings from the global POSEIDON study
- Prospective cohort study
- multicentre
- global, 317 sites in 18 countries
Authors' conclusion
In a global HF population, high inflammatory risk is present in approximately 4 in 10 patients and is associated with more severe HF and a cardio-kidney-metabolic phenotype. These findings were consistent across HF subtypes.
Study context
- Population
- Real-world heart failure (HF) patients across the ejection fraction (EF) spectrum at routine visits, excluding recent infections (2023–2025)11,809 with HF and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)
- Participants
- 18,904 patients
- Exposure
- HFpEF vs HFmrEF vs HFrEF
- HFpEFn = 3,714
- HFmrEFn = 2,176
- HFrEFn = 5,919
- Outcome
- Prevalence of high inflammatory risk (hsCRP ≥2 mg/L)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Elevated hsCRP (≥2 mg/L)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Independent predictors of elevated hsCRP (multivariable)
- Smoking, rheumatic/autoimmune/inflammatory disease, obesity, reduced eGFR, dyslipidaemia and worse NYHA class; consistent across HF subtypes
- interaction p>0.05
- BMI more strongly associated with hsCRP in HFpEF
- interaction p=0.001
Interleukin-6 vs hsCRP
- Moderate correlation across all HF subtypes
Original publication
Prevalence and predictors of high inflammatory risk in heart failure subtypes: findings from the global POSEIDON study. Eur J Heart Fail. Published 10 May 2026. doi:10.1093/ejhf/xuag155
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it