Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCross-sectional study
Prevalence of heart failure stages in the general population and implications for heart failure prevention: reports from the China Hypertension Survey 2012–15
- Cross-sectional study
- nationally representative
- survey-weighted
Authors' conclusion
The burdens of pre-clinical and clinical HF are high and vary by age, sex, and urbanity in China.
Study context
- Population
- General Chinese population aged ≥ 35 years, nationally representative sample from the China Hypertension Surveymean age 57.4 years, women 54.1%
- Participants
- 31,494 participants
- Outcome
- Prevalence of HF stages (A: at-risk for HF; B: pre-HF; C: symptomatic HF)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Prevalence of HF stages
Stage A (at-risk for heart failure (HF)) prevalence
35.8% (≈245.1 million)
Stage B (pre-HF) prevalence
42.8% (≈293.1 million)
Stage C (symptomatic HF) prevalence
1.1% (≈7.5 million)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Prevalence of Stages B and C by age
- Increased with increasing age
- P < 0.0001
Prevalence of HF stages by sex (women vs men)
- Stage A lower in women: 32.6% vs. 39.3%
- P < 0.0001
- Stage B higher in women: 45.9% vs. 39.5%
- P < 0.0001
- Stage C similar by sex
Prevalence of HF stages by urbanity (rural vs urban)
- Stage A lower in rural: 31.9% vs. 41.0%
- P < 0.0001
- Stage B higher in rural: 47.8% vs. 36.2%
- P < 0.0001
- Stage C similar by urbanity
Original publication
Prevalence of heart failure stages in the general population and implications for heart failure prevention: reports from the China Hypertension Survey 2012–15. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 6 July 2023. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwad223
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it