Prognostic value of the baseline CAVIAR response score after cardiac resynchronization therapy: 10-year outcomes from the Markers and Response to CRT study

doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.06.005

Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCohort study

Prognostic value of the baseline CAVIAR response score after cardiac resynchronization therapy: 10-year outcomes from the Markers and Response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) study

Heart RhythmPublished 6 Jun 2026

prospective Markers and Response to CRT study

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Authors' conclusion

A higher baseline CAVIAR response score predicted a lower risk of CV hospitalization and/or all-cause mortality after CRT.

Study context

Population: Patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)of 240 participants, included for long-term follow-up, CAVIAR score calculated in 185 (83%)
Participants: 224 patients

Exposure: Association between baseline CAVIAR response score (tertiles) and long-term outcomes
Outcome: Cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization or all-cause mortality
Follow-up: Median 9.0 years [interquartile range 4.7-11.6]

Main finding

As reported in the abstract

baseline-adjusted model: HR 0.562; P = 0.001
after adjustment for echocardiographic response: HR 0.599; P < 0.001

Primary outcome occurred: 145 patients (65%)

Observational data: associations, not effects.

Secondary outcomes

Outcome	HR	P value
All-cause mortality — Higher CAVIAR tertiles · baseline-adjusted model	0.485	P < 0.001
All-cause mortality — Higher CAVIAR tertiles · after adjustment for echocardiographic response	0.524	P < 0.001
Ventricular tachyarrhythmia · only after adjustment for echocardiographic response	0.576	P = 0.007
MACE · only after adjustment for echocardiographic response	0.600	P = 0.003

All-cause mortality — Died: 117 (52%)
Ventricular tachyarrhythmia — Experienced ventricular tachyarrhythmia: 62 (28%)
MACE — Had MACE: 93 (42%)

Original publication

Prognostic value of the baseline CAVIAR response score after cardiac resynchronization therapy: 10-year outcomes from the Markers and Response to CRT study. Heart Rhythm. Published 6 June 2026. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.06.005

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Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it