Cardio-oncology & otherCohort study
Sex differences in cancer incidence and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study
- Prospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
This study showed an increased lifetime cancer risk and mortality in men compared with women, which was mediated by comorbid CVD.
Study context
- Population
- Cancer-free participants of the EPIC-Norfolk study, stratified by sex and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD)10,889 with CVD
- Participants
- 22,534 participants
- Exposure
- Men vs women, with and without CVD
- Outcome
- Incident cancer and cancer-related mortality (lifetime risk, cause-specific HR)
- Follow-up
- Median 26.2 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Adjusted lifetime risk of incident cancer at age 75 · age 75
Men
17.3%
CVD · No CVD 10.2%
Women
12.8%
CVD · No CVD 8.2%
Men vs WomenHazard ratio (99% CI)P value
with CVD; cause-specific
1.39(1.25–1.53)
P < 0.0001no CVD; cause-specific
1.27(1.15–1.41)
P < 0.0001Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (99% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer-related mortality — Men vs Women · with CVD | 1.51 (1.31–1.75) | P < 0.0001 | |
| Cancer-related mortality — Men vs Women · no CVD | 1.31 (1.14–1.50) | P < 0.0001 | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Sex differences in cancer incidence and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study. Eur Heart J. Published 5 August 2026. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehag515
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it