Valvular & structural heart diseaseCohort study
Sex differences in cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic risk factors associated with degenerative valvular heart disease
- Prospective cohort study
- UK Biobank
Authors' conclusion
Tailoring the prioritization of CKM risk factors based on gender has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of VHD prevention strategies.
Study context
- Population
- UK Biobank participants free of valvular heart disease (VHD) or HF at baseline with complete CKM risk factor data (54.4% women; mean age 58 years)54.4% women
- Participants
- 436,184 participants
- Exposure
- Women vs men: CKM risk factors and incident degenerative VHD
- Outcome
- Sex differences in hazard ratios (HRs) and PAR of CKM risk factors (hypertension, DM, obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, CKD) for incident VHD and VHD-related interventions or mortality
- Follow-up
- Median 13.80 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident VHD by CKM risk factor, women vs men
Women
29.07%
Population-attributable risk (PAR) of hypertension, AS · PAR of hypertension, AR 24.21% · PAR of hypertension, MR 19.55%
Men
25.17%
PAR of hypertension, AS · PAR of hypertension, AR 16.51% · PAR of hypertension, MR 13.01%
Women vs MenHazard ratio (CI)
AS with obesity
1.17(1.04–1.32)
AR with CKD
1.59(1.01–2.49)
MR with hypertension
1.25(1.07–1.47)
MR with hypertriglyceridaemia
1.22(1.07–1.39)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of AS, AR and MR (events per 10 000 person-years) · median follow-up 13.80 years | ||
| AS | 5.42 | 11.18 |
| AR | 2.19 | 3.64 |
| MR | 6.94 | 10.39 |
Baseline prevalence of CKM risk factors
- ≥1 CKM risk factor
- 81.06%
- Hypertension
- 75.61%
- DM
- 4.80%
- Obesity
- 24.14%
- Hypertriglyceridaemia
- 22.26%
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- 2.32%
Original publication
Sex differences in cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic risk factors associated with degenerative valvular heart disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 12 February 2025. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf050
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it