Acute cardiac care & resuscitationCohort study
Sex differences in epidemiology, care, and outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in China
- prospective, multicenter, population-based observational cohort study
- multivariable hierarchical logistic regression
- prespecified subgroup analyses and interaction tests
Authors' conclusion
In China, females demonstrated better prehospital resuscitation outcomes. However, this early advantage was lost by discharge. These findings highlight the need for integrated evaluation across prehospital and in-hospital care to inform disparity-reduction strategies.
Study context
- Population
- Emergency medical system (EMS)-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in China, BASIC-OHCA study, January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020EMS-treated OHCA patients, 10,793 (32.1%) were females
- Participants
- 33,650 participants
- Exposure
- Females vs males
- Femalesn = 10,793
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Age-standardized incidence rate of EMS-treated OHCA
Incidence rate ratio
2.31
95% CI 2.26–2.36
By group
Males vs Females
IRR 2.31 (95% CI 2.26–2.36)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Prehospital return of spontaneous circulation · multivariable models | 1.21 (1.06–1.38) | |
| Survival to hospital admission · multivariable models | 1.33 (1.15–1.55) | |
| Survival to hospital discharge or 30 days · no significant sex difference | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | |
| Favorable neurological outcome · no significant sex difference | 0.84 (0.62–1.14) | |
| 0.512Adjusted odds ratio (log scale) |
Resuscitation characteristics and prehospital care
- Females had less favorable resuscitation characteristics and prehospital care than males
Survival and favorable neurological outcome (subgroups)
- Females had lower odds of survival and favorable neurological outcome than males among patients aged ≥50 years, those with shockable rhythm, and those without prehospital epinephrine administration
Original publication
Sex differences in epidemiology, care, and outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in China. Resuscitation. Published 25 September 2026. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2026.111331
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it