Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesMeta-analysis
Sex differences in long-term heart failure prognosis: a comprehensive meta-analysis
- Systematic review and meta-analysis
- random-effects meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
Female HF patients had a better prognosis compared with males, with lower risks of ACM, CVM, HHF, and composite endpoints.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with heart failure (HF); studies 1 January 1990 to 31 March 202494 studies (96 cohorts)
- Participants
- 706,247 patients
- Comparison
- Women vs men with HF
- Outcome
- All-cause mortality (ACM)
Pooled result
All-cause mortality
Hazard ratio
0.83
95% CI 0.80–0.85
Female vs Male
HR 0.83 (95% CI 0.80–0.85)
As reported in the abstract
Further pooled results
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| CV mortality · I2 = 70.7% | 0.84 (0.79–0.89) | |
| HF hospitalisation · I2 = 84.0% | 0.94 (0.89–0.98) | |
| ACM + HF hospitalisation · I2 = 80.0% | 0.89 (0.83–0.95) | |
| CV mortality + HF hospitalisation · I2 = 87.9% | 0.85 (0.77–0.93) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Mortality, by HF course and study design (subgroup)
- Lower mortality risk in women more pronounced in long-course HF (chronic HF, follow-up > 2 years) or in RCTs
- P for interaction < 0.05
Original publication
Sex differences in long-term heart failure prognosis: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 5 August 2024. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae256
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it