Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCohort study
Sex Differences in Long-Term Outcomes Following Acute Heart Failure Hospitalization: Findings from the Get with the Guidelines-Heart Failure Registry
- Retrospective cohort study
- registry-based
- adjusted Cox models
Authors' conclusion
While females (vs. males) had lower adjusted mortality, females experienced a significantly greater loss in survival time than the median age- and sex-matched US population and had a greater risk of rehospitalization over 5 years following HF hospitalization.
Study context
- Population
- Patients hospitalised with heart failure (HF), Get With The Guidelines-HF registry with Medicare 5-year follow-up, 2006–201453.4% female
- Participants
- 155,670 patients
- Exposure
- Females vs males
- Outcome
- Mortality and readmission by HF subtype (HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF)
- Follow-up
- 5 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Females vs MalesAdjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)P value
mortality
0.89(0.87–0.90)
P < 0.0001HF readmission
1.06(1.04–1.08)
P < 0.0001Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | aHR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Mortality, HFrEF (subgroup) · 5 years | 0.87 (0.85–0.89) | |
| HF readmission, HFpEF (subgroup) · 5 years | 1.11 (1.07–1.14) | |
| 0.512Adjusted hazard ratio (log scale) |
| Outcome | Females | Males | Estimate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Years of survival lost vs age- and sex-matched US population (age 65-69 years) | |||
| HFpEF | 17.0 | 14.6 | |
| HFrEF | 17.3 | 15.1 | |
| HFmrEF | 17.7 | 14.6 |
- Mortality, HFrEF (subgroup): interaction P (sex*HF subtype) = 0.04
- HF readmission, HFpEF (subgroup): interaction P (sex*HF subtype) = 0.001
Years of survival lost vs age- and sex-matched US population (age 65-69 years)
- Comparably poor survival post-discharge in males and females
Original publication
Sex Differences in Long-Term Outcomes Following Acute Heart Failure Hospitalization: Findings from the Get with the Guidelines-Heart Failure Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. Published 1 September 2023. doi:10.1002/ejhf.3003
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it