Aortic & peripheral vascular diseaseSecondary analysis
Spatiotemporal changes in the burden of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease and its socioeconomic impacts: an analysis based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- concentration index and decomposition analysis
- Bayesian age-period-cohort forecasting
Authors' conclusion
LEPAD burden varies substantially across regions.
Study context
- Population
- Global population with lower extremity PAD (lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (LEPAD)), by sex, region and country, 1990–2021
- Primary endpoint
- Trends in LEPAD prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
- Follow-up
- 1990 to 2021
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Change in global age-standardised rates
Age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) declined by
0.52 (95% UI −0.55 to −0.48)
ASIR declined by
0.49 (95% UI −0.53 to −0.45)
ASDR declined by
1.7 (95% UI −1.85 to −1.56)
ASLR (DALY rate) declined by
1.41 (95% UI −1.51 to −1.31)
Further findings
Prevalence and death by SDI · 2021
- Greatest increases in prevalence and death in low-middle SDI countries
Incidence and prevalence by sex
- Women showed higher incidence and prevalence than men
Absolute number of cases
- Absolute number of cases continues to rise, mainly due to demographic and epidemiological transitions
Original publication
Spatiotemporal changes in the burden of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease and its socioeconomic impacts: an analysis based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 28 August 2025. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf542
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it