Aortic & peripheral vascular diseaseCohort study
Temporal and Geographic Trends in the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease Stratified by Race Among Medicare Beneficiaries
- Retrospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
These findings suggest that higher proportions of Black patients than White patients undergo invasive procedures for PAD, with considerable variation across states.
Study context
- Population
- Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), 2018–2022
- Participants
- 2,376,300 beneficiaries
- Exposure
- Black vs White patients
- Blackn = 219,338
- Whiten = 2,156,962reference
- Outcome
- Proportions undergoing revascularization and major amputation, over time and by state (adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, DM, tobacco use, CKD, county-level SVI)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Black
8.9%
Revascularization · Major amputation 2.8%
White
7.6%
Revascularization · Major amputation 1.0%
Black vs WhiteOdds ratio (95% CI)P value
revascularization
1.19(1.18–1.21)
P < 0.001major amputation
2.91(2.83–2.99)
P < 0.001Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Revascularization over time
- Black: decreased
- from 8.0% to 7.4%
- White: decreased
- from 6.8% to 6.2%
Major amputation over time
- Black: decreased
- from 2.9% to 2.5%; P < .001
- White: no change
- from 0.7% to 0.7%; P = .53
By state
- Higher proportions of Black patients underwent revascularization and major amputation in the majority of states, with marked variation across states
Correlation with Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)
- Revascularization (weak)
- ρ = 0.10
- Amputation (moderate)
- ρ = 0.46
Original publication
Temporal and Geographic Trends in the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease Stratified by Race Among Medicare Beneficiaries. JAMA Cardiol. Published 1 August 2025. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2025.1714
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it