Aortic & peripheral vascular diseaseMeta-analysis
The association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and peripheral artery disease: a large-scale cohort study and meta-analysis
- Prospective cohort study and meta-analysis
- multivariable adjusted
Authors' conclusion
Higher levels of sdLDL cholesterol were robustly associated with increased risk of peripheral artery disease in the present study and in a meta-analysis.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals free of lipid-lowering therapy, ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol measured at entry 2013–2017155 PAD cases
- Participants
- 31,036 individuals
- Comparison
- Higher vs lower sdLDL cholesterol
- Outcome
- PAD
- Follow-up
- Median 6.2 years
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
PAD per 1 mmol/L (37 mg/dL) higher sdLDL cholesterol
Hazard ratio
2.06
95% CI 1.45–2.92
per 1 mmol/L higher sdLDL cholesterol
HR 2.06 (95% CI 1.45–2.92)
Per 1 mmol/L higher sdLDL cholesterol, as printed
Further pooled results
| Outcome | Estimate | |
|---|---|---|
| ABI ≤0.9 per 1 mmol/L higher sdLDL cholesterol · multivariable adjusted | OR 1.53 (CI 1.08–2.15) | |
| PAD, MI and ischemic stroke, 91st-100th vs 1st-50th percentiles of sdLDL cholesterol — 91st-100th percentiles vs 1st-50th percentiles · PAD | HR 2.59 (CI 1.55–4.33) | |
| PAD, MI and ischemic stroke, 91st-100th vs 1st-50th percentiles of sdLDL cholesterol — 91st-100th percentiles vs 1st-50th percentiles · MI | HR 2.18 (CI 1.58–3.02) | |
| PAD, MI and ischemic stroke, 91st-100th vs 1st-50th percentiles of sdLDL cholesterol — 91st-100th percentiles vs 1st-50th percentiles · ischemic stroke | HR 1.84 (CI 1.37–2.48) | |
| 0.20.5125Ratio (log scale) |
| Outcome | Estimate |
|---|---|
| PAD, meta-analysis (46,748 individuals, 660 PAD cases) · fixed and random effect estimates did not differ | 1.62 (CI 1.27–2.06) |
Original publication
The association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and peripheral artery disease: a large-scale cohort study and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 14 May 2025. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf305
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it