Prevention & lipidsCohort study
Transgender persons receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy: risk of acute cardiovascular events in a Dutch cohort study
- Retrospective cohort study
- single-centre (Amsterdam gender clinic)
- national data registry
Authors' conclusion
Gender-affirming hormone therapy is not associated with increased cardiovascular risk in transgender women but is in transgender men.
Study context
- Population
- Transgender women and men using gender-affirming hormone therapy 1972–2018 at the Amsterdam gender clinic; diagnoses registered 2012–2022
- Exposure
- Transgender persons using gender-affirming hormone therapy vs general population
- Transgender womenn = 2,714
- Transgender menn = 1,617
- Outcome
- MI, ischaemic cerebrovascular accident and VTE (standardized incidence ratios vs general population, adjusted for socioeconomic status)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Standardized incidence ratios adjusted for socioeconomic status
SIR
- Transgender women vs General population men · MI (lower)
- .50 (CI .32; .71)
- Transgender women vs General population men · cerebrovascular accident (similar)
- .94 (CI .72; 1.19)
- Transgender women vs General population men · VTE (higher)
- 1.81 (CI 1.33–2.35)
- Transgender men vs General population women · MI (higher)
- 4.20 (CI 2.72–6.01)
- Transgender men vs General population women · cerebrovascular accident (higher)
- 1.55 (CI 1.01–2.20)
- Transgender men vs General population women · VTE (similar)
- 1.00 (CI .53; 1.61)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Impact of socioeconomic status; lifestyle
- Socioeconomic status minimally impacted these results
- Lifestyle largely resembled the general population
Original publication
Transgender persons receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy: risk of acute cardiovascular events in a Dutch cohort study. Eur Heart J. Published 4 November 2025. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf837
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it