Cross-sectional study
Treatment of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among U.S. Adults With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome
- Cross-sectional study
- nationally representative survey (NHANES)
- age- and sex-adjusted analyses
Authors' conclusion
Among U.S. adults with CKM syndrome, treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was low, and fewer than one-half of treated individuals achieved blood pressure or glycemic control.
Study context
- Population
- US adults aged ≥20 years with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stage 2 and above, NHANES 2015–August 2023
- Participants
- 6,384 adults
- Outcome
- Treatment rates of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, and BP, glycemic and cholesterol control among treated individuals
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Treatment rates and risk factor control
- Hypertension treatment rate
- 51.3% (95% CI: 49.7%-52.8%)
- Hyperlipidemia treatment rate
- 48.8% (95% CI: 46.7%-51.0%)
- Diabetes treatment rate
- 83.4% (95% CI: 80.1%-86.6%)
- BP control among treated
- 44.7% (95% CI: 41.6%-47.7%)
- Glycemic control among treated
- 47.3% (95% CI: 42.7%-51.8%)
- Cholesterol control among treated
- 68.2% (95% CI: 65.2%-71.1%)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Treatment rates, adults aged 20-44 years (subgroup)
- Hypertension
- 27.6% (95% CI: 24.8%-30.3%)
- Diabetes
- 73.7% (95% CI: 63.8%-83.7%)
- Hyperlipidemia
- 19.7% (95% CI: 15.2%-24.3%)
- lowest treatment rates across all 3 conditions
Treatment and control by 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, sex, race and ethnicity (subgroups)
- Hypertension and hyperlipidemia treatment rates increased across higher risk strata
- BP and glycemic control lower among treated adults with higher 10-year CVD risk
- Women less likely than men to receive treatment for diabetes and hyperlipidemia
- Hispanic adults had the lowest treatment rates for hypertension and hyperlipidemia
Original publication
Treatment of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among U.S. Adults With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. Published 17 June 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.031
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it