Congenital heart diseaseCohort study
Trends in Arrhythmia-Related Mortality Associated With Congenital Heart Disease in the United States
- retrospective analysis
- multiple cause-of-death records
- Joinpoint regression
- exploratory ARIMA projections through 2034
Authors' conclusion
Arrhythmia-related mortality associated with CHD declined over 26 years, but progress has stalled or reversed since 2012, especially among the elderly, certain regions, and racial groups.
Study context
- Population
- Arrhythmia-related deaths involving congenital heart disease (CHD) as a contributing cause of death in the United States, 1999 to 2024arrhythmia-related deaths involving documented CHD
- Participants
- 24,711 deaths
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Overall AAMR · 1999 to 2024
AAMR in 1999
0.42
AAMR in 2024
0.30
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
AAMR by sex
- Males had consistently higher mortality
AAMR by race/ethnicity
- All racial groups showed declines, but non-Hispanic Black individuals had the highest rates
AAMR by urbanization
- Large metropolitan areas experienced the most rapid decline, while rural areas had persistently elevated mortality
AAMR by age
- Infants had the highest mortality, while ages 15 to 24 showed the fastest decline
- adults ≥55 years of age demonstrated increasing mortality beginning in the mid-2000s, most prominently in those 75-84 years of age
Exploratory projections of overall AAMR · through 2034
- overall AAMR will stabilize around
- 0.30
- continued increases in the 75-84-year group
- exploratory
Original publication
Trends in Arrhythmia-Related Mortality Associated With Congenital Heart Disease in the United States. JACC Adv. Published 18 August 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2026.103121
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it