Heart failure & cardiomyopathiesCohort study
Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease combinations in heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum: clinical associations, medication use, and cause-specific outcomes: a contemporary, real-world analysis of the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
- Registry-based cohort study
- Swedish heart failure (HF) registry
- 2017-2023
Authors' conclusion
CKD was more common in HFpEF and a strong independent risk factor for all outcomes. T2DM was a moderate independent risk factor for all outcomes.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with HF across the EF spectrum in the Swedish HF registry, 2017–202334% females, mean age 73 years
- Participants
- 54,341 patients
- Exposure
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and T2DM combinations in HF
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Prevalence of CKD/T2DM combinations
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Prevalence by EF category (CKD only; CKD/T2DM)
- HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
- 29% and 15%
- HFmrEF
- 23% and 11%
- HFrEF
- 22% and 10%
HF medication use
- Generally lower in groups with CKD, especially MRA
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
- T2DM alone did not significantly increase risk
- CKD alone increased risk threefold
- Both CKD and T2DM increased risk six-fold
Risk by EF category
- CKD added more to the risk of events in HFrEF than in HFpEF
Original publication
Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease combinations in heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum: clinical associations, medication use, and cause-specific outcomes: a contemporary, real-world analysis of the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. Published 2 September 2026. doi:10.1093/ejhf/xuag249
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it