Urine cadmium and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: results from the Chang Gung Research Database
Main finding · MACCEResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 1.88 95% CI 1.20–2.95Authors' conclusion
Cd exposure was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this representative Asian population.
Study context
- Population
- Adults from Taiwan with urine cadmium assessments in the Chang Gung Research Database
- Participants
- 10,713 adults
- Exposure
- Highest vs lowest urine cadmium quartile
- Outcome
- MACCE:
- AMI
- Coronary intervention
- Ischaemic stroke
- CV mortality
Main finding
MACCE
Hazard ratio
1.88
95% CI 1.20–2.95
Q4vs Q1
HR 1.88 (95% CI 1.20–2.95)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Ischaemic strokeFully adjusted Cox model | 2.22 (1.07–4.61) | |
| CV mortalityFully adjusted Cox model | 2.56 (1.17–5.60) | |
| All-cause mortalityFully adjusted Cox model | 1.67 (1.22–2.29) | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Major adverse coronary events (MACE) (acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and coronary intervention)
- No significant association observed for MACE
- 1.62 (HR 1.62; 95% CI 0.75-3.50)
Dose-response (restricted cubic spline)
- Positive, non-linear relationship between continuous urine cadmium (U-Cd) and outcomes; approximately linear up to U-Cd around 1.3 μg/g creatinine, then plateau
Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) by subgroup
- Association between U-Cd and MACCE consistent across all analysed subgroups, including never-smokers, ever-smokers and both sexes
Original publication
Urine cadmium and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: results from the Chang Gung Research Database. Eur J Prev Cardiol. Published 12 July 2025. doi:10.
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