Pulmonary vascular disease & thromboembolismSecondary analysis
Venous thromboembolism and bleeding in cancer patients: role of inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers
- Secondary analysis of the AVERT randomised trial
- post hoc analysis
- Fine and Gray competing-risk regression
Nomograms developed to estimate venous thromboembolism (VTE) and clinically relevant bleeding risks
Authors' conclusion
Select inflammatory-related and cardiac markers were associated with VTE and bleeding risks in cancer patients, which can be determined using developed nomograms.
Study context
- Population
- Ambulatory cancer patients with a Khorana score of ≥2 (AVERT trial of apixaban for VTE prevention)514 with baseline samples
- Participants
- 574 patients
- Comparison
- Associations of inflammatory (CRP, GDF-15) and cardiac (NT-proBNP, high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT)) biomarkers with VTE and bleeding
- Primary endpoint
- VTE and clinically relevant bleeding (subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) adjusted for age and advanced cancer, competing risk of death)
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
VTE and clinically relevant bleeding, by biomarker
Subdistribution hazard ratio (95% CI)
Elevated baseline growth differentiation factor-15VTE
1.36(1.01–1.84)
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptidebleeding
1.44(1.08–1.92)
C-reactive proteinbleeding
1.38(1.07–1.76)
Increasing high-sensitivity troponin T from baseline to 1 monthVTE
1.89(1.14–3.16)
Original publication
Venous thromboembolism and bleeding in cancer patients: role of inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers. Eur Heart J. Published 12 December 2025. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf1002
Summarised from the published abstract; every number is checked against it